miR-125a-5p suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway in breast cancer cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the function of microRNA-125a-5p (miR-125a-5p) on epithelial-mesenchy-mal transition ( EMT) of breast cancer cells via GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway. METHODS:The expression of miR-125a-5p in normal breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells, as well as the transfection efficiency of miR-125a-5p plas-mid in MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The chemotaxis ability and invasion ability were detected by chemo-taxis assay and Transwell invasion assay. The changes of EMT-related markers, the protein level of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) and the nuclear translocation of Snail were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The expression of miR-125a-5p in the breast cancer cells was significantly lower than that in the normal breast epithelial cells. The expression of miR-125a-5p was significantly higher in MDA-MB-231/miR-125a-5p cells than that in MDA-MB-231/NC cells. The ability of epithelial growth factor (EGF) at 10 μg/L to induce chemotaxis of MDA-MB-231 cells was the stron-gest. Compared with MDA-MB-231/NC group, stimulation of EGF decreased the invasion ability of MDA-MB-231/miR-125a-5p cells, and resulted in the increase in E-cadherin expression, while significantly decreased the protein levels of vi-mentin and p-GSK-3β. Meanwhile, the nuclear localization of Snail was significantly inhibited. The invasion capacity of MDA-MB-231/miR-125a-5p+GAB2 cells was significantly enhanced compared with MDA-MB-231/miR-125a-5p +Con cells, the expression of E-cadherin was decreased, and the protein levels of vimentin and p-GSK-3β were significantly in-creased, while the nuclear localization of Snail was promoted. CONCLUSION:miR-125a-5p suppresses EMT via GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway, thus inhibiting the invasion ability of breast cancer cells.

A comparative study on the secretion of various cytokines by human adipose-derived stem cells at different passages / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can establish a favorable repair microenvironment by secreting abundant cytokines, which allows ADSCs to be a good source of seed cells for the treatment of ischemic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of cytokines secreted by human ADSCs at passages 2-10. METHODS: After isolation and culture of ADSCs from human adipose tissue, the morphological features of cells were observed under inverted microscope. Human ADSCs were identified by the immunophenotypes and differentiation capability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ADSCs were fusiform or polygonal in shape, with buging cell body, homogenized cytoplasm and clear nuclei, and could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondroblasts in vitro. ADSCs at passage 3 were positive for CD29 (99.21%), CD73 (99.65%) and CD90 (99.92%), but negative for hematopoietic marker CD34 (2.25%). ELISA results showed that ADSCs at passage 5 had the highest secretion levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor, while ADSCs at passage 3 had the highest secretion level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. To conclude, ADSCs have steady biological features of stem cells and exhibit good growth and proliferation potentials. ADSCs at different passages have different capacities in the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Passage 5 ADSCs show the highest ability to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor, while passage 3 ADSCs show the strongest potential to secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

A comparative study on autologous and allogeneic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treatment of acute myocardial infarction rats / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of autologous and allogeneic adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) transplantation on rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and possible mechanisms.Methods The AMI models were established with 45 male Lewis rats by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery,and then randomly divided into 3 groups (15 each) including AMI group,allogeneic ADMSC transplantation group (Allo-ADMSC group) and autologous ADMSC transplantation group (Auto-ADMSC group).After successfully modeling,CM-Dil-labeled third-generation ADMSCs (2 × 106) were implanted into the myocardium of rats within 1 hour,and rats in AMI group were injected with equal amount of PBS.The cardiac function,immunofluorescence and Masson were identified 4 weeks after transplantation.Results Four weeks after transplantation,compared with AMI group,the left ventricular ejection fraction in Allo-ADMSC group and Auto-ADMSC group increased significantly,the left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameter decreased,the collagen deposition fraction decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Compared with Allo-ADMSC group,the left ventricular ejection fraction increased in AutoADMSC group,the number of newborn capillaries increased and the myocardial collagen deposition fraction decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion Autologous ADMSC can promote vascular proliferation in the infarct area more better than allogeneic ADMSC,reduce the local collagen deposition,extenuate the degree of myocardial fibrosis,thereby to inhibit collagen remodeling,and repair damaged myocardial tissue and improve heart function.

Culture and identification of endothelial progenitor cells from human adipose tissue with CD31 immunomagnetic beads / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Endothelial progenitor cells are precursor cells of mature endothelial cells,which can migrate to ischemic tissues and differentiate into mature endothelial cells,and then play an important role in vascular remodeling.Endothelial progenitor cells have wide application prospects in various ischemic diseases,but the biological characteristics and identification methods are still controversial.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the methods of isolation and culture of endothelial progenitor cells from the human adipose tissue and to identify their biological features,in order to provide a sufficient source of cells for ischemic diseases.METHODS:Stromal vascular fraction cells were isolated from the human adipose tissue by enzymatic digestion,CD31+ cells were selected using immunomagnetic beads,and then cultured in endothelial basal medium-2 supplemented with the EGM-2-MV-SingleQuots.Endothelial progenitor cells were identified through detection of morphology,cell markers and cell functions.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) CD31 + cells were selected by immunomagnetic beads and then cultured and amplified in vitro,which displayed typical cobblestone-like morphology,and they maintain their proliferative ability.(2) Flow cytometry results showed that the CD31+ cells expressed CD31 (98.84％),CD34 (97.21％),VEGRR2 (64.07％),CD146 (98.42％) and CD133 (2.55％),but hardly expressed CD45 (1.1％),a hematopoietic stem cell marker.(3) The CD31 + cells were also found to incept Dil-ac-LDL and exhibit lectin binding capability.Furthermore,a lumen-like structure was formed in Matrigel,which has the ability of angiogenesis in vitro.To conclude,these results suggest that it is feasible to isolate and culture endothelial progenitor cells from the human adipose tissue by enzymatic digestion combined with immunomagnetic bead sorting.

Long-term effect of oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation on a rat model of white matter injury in the preterm infant / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the long-term effect of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) transplantation on a rat model of white matter injury (WMI) in the preterm infant.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 days were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model control group, 5-day ventricular/white matter transplantation group, 9-day ventricular/white matter transplantation group, 14-day ventricular/white matter transplantation group (n=10 each). All groups except the sham-operation group were treated with right common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia for 80 minutes to establish a rat model of WMI in the preterm infant. OPCs were prepared from the human fetal brain tissue (10-12 gestational weeks). At 5, 9, and 14 days after modeling, 3×10OPCs were injected into the right lateral ventricle or white matter in each transplantation group, and myelin sheath and neurological function were evaluated under an electron microscope at ages of 60 and 90 days.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Electron microscopy showed that at an age of 60 days, each transplantation group had a slight improvement in myelin sheath injury compared with the model control group; at an age of 90 days, each transplantation group had significantly thickened myelin sheath and reduced structural damage compared with the model control group, and the 14-day transplantation groups had the most significant changes. There were no significant differences in the degree of myelin sheath injury between the ventricular and white matter transplantation groups at different time points. At an age of 60 or 90 days, the transplantation groups had a significantly higher modified neurological severity score (mNSS) than the sham-operation group and a significantly lower mNSS than the model control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OPC transplantation may have a long-term effect in the treatment of WMI in the preterm infant, and delayed transplantation may enhance its therapeutic effect.</p>

Transplantation of human neural precursor cells in the treatment of children with pervasive developmental disorder / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficiency and safety of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) transplantation in the treatment of pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two children with PDD were treated, including 13 children with Rett syndrome and 9 children with autism. They accepted hNPCs transplantation voluntarily. hNPCs derived from aborted fetal tissue were injected into the lateral ventricle of the patients under supersonic guidance. All patients were assessed according to the Autism Behavior Checklist before operation, at one and six months post operation, and one year later.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No delayed complications resulting from this therapy were observed. The clinical symptoms of 17 patients, including 8 patients with autism and 9 patients with Rett syndrome, improved in varying degrees. The assessment results of the Autism Behavior Checklist for children with autism showed that compared with pre-operative function, social communication scores were significantly reduced at six months after transplantation, and total scores and social communication and language scores were also significantly reduced 1 year after transplantation (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results suggest that hNPCs transplantation is effective and safe for treatment of PPD in children. It deserves a further study.</p>

Clinical effect of stem cell transplantation via hepatic artery in the treatment of type II hyperammonemia: a report on 6 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

This study aimed to investigate the clinical effect of transplantation of CD133⁺ peripheral blood stem cells or umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via the hepatic artery in children with type II hyperammonemia and its possible action mechanism. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were obtained by collecting cord blood (100-150 mL) from healthy fetuses and separating stem cell suspension (5 mL) from the cord blood by hydroxyethyl starch sedimentation. CD133⁺ peripheral blood stem cells were obtained by mobilizing peripheral blood from the fathers of sick children using recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for 5 days, collecting mononuclear cells (120 mL), and separating out CD133⁺ cells by sorting. With catheterization and percutaneous puncture, the obtained stem cells were slowly injected into the liver of sick children via the hepatic artery. The changes in clinical symptoms and laboratory indices such as blood ammonia, liver function, and arginine and citrulline concentrations were observed. After stem cell transplantation via the hepatic artery, the 6 children showed significantly decreased blood ammonia levels, and their blood ammonia levels slowly increased 1 to 2 weeks later, but remained below 100 μmol/L, and changes in glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels were similar to blood ammonia. Plasma citrulline and arginine concentrations increased significantly after transplantation and the increase in citrulline level exceeded the increase in arginine level. An 8 months follow-up visit for one typical patient showed that the weight and height increased after transplantation and sleep was improved without night crying. The child could actively gaze at interesting objects instead of responding indifferently and started to say simple words. With regard to fine motor skills, the child could pinch things with the thumb and middle finger instead of displaying a lack of hand-eye coordination and progress was also made in gross motor skills. Gesell test showed that the child made progress for an average of 3.82 months in all areas. It was concluded that after stem cell transplantation, children with type II hyperammonemia have decreased blood ammonia levels, stable and improved liver function and steadily increased plasma citrulline and arginine concentrations. They display a progressive trend in such aspects as movement, language and environmental adaptability. It is hypothesized that stem cell transplantation via the hepatic artery partially or totally activates, or provides supplementary ornithine carbamoyl transferase, so that plasma citrulline and arginine concentrations increase and urea cycle disorder can be corrected to some extent.

Facial nerve function and hearing preservation experience in middle fossa approach removal of small acoustic tumor surgery / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to investigate the hearing and facial nerve preservation in the middle fossa approach surgery for the removal of small acoustic tumor (vestibular schwannomas, VS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective database was established, and data were retrospectively reviewed. Between January 2004 and February 2013, 13 patients with acoustic tumor underwent surgery via middle fossa approach for hearing preservation. The patients consisted of six men and seven women with a mean age of 48 years. Tumor size ranged from 0.8 cm to 1.5 cm. Hearing loss was categorized as American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) class A, class B, class C and class D. Facial nerve function was evaluated according to House-Brackmann (HB) Grade I-VI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gross-total resection was accomplished in 12 of 13 patients. Preoperative hearing as class A in ten, class B in two, and class C in one patient respectively. Postoperatively, hearing was graded as class A in eight patients, class B in 3, and class C in 2 patients. Facial nerve function was House-Brackmann (HB) grade I in twelve patients, grade II in one patient preoperatively. Postoperatively, facial nerve function was HB Grade I in twelve patients and Grade III in one patient. The overall hearing preservation rate was at least 80% (8/10) and HB Grade I facial nerve outcome of 100% (12/12) . All cases were followed up for 0.5 to 5 years, no complications were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The middle fossa approach for the resection of small VS with hearing preservation is a viable and relatively option. It should be considered among the various options available for the management of small and growing VS.</p>

Treatment of cerebral palsy with transplantation of human neural progenitor cells / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical efficacy of transplantation of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) in the treatment of severe cerebral palsy (CP) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five children with CP were voluntarily accepted transplantation of hNPCs. The cells obtained from the forebrain of 10 to 12-week-fetus were cultured and amplified into hNPCs. Then the hNPCs were injected into the cerebral ventricle of the patients with the supersonic guidance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Dyssomnia, irritability and muscular tension were improved in one patient 3 days after transplantation. The clinical improvements were observed in the majority of the patients 1 month after transplantation. The therapeutic effects slowed down 3 to 6 months after transplantation. One year after transplantation the gross and fine motor skills and the congnition ability in the transplantation group were considerably surpassed to those in the control group. No delayed severe complications were observed after transplantation. No tumorigenesis was noted 5 years after transplantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The transplantation of hNPCs as a novel therapy is effective and safe for severe CP. Many investigations are needed to evaluate the effect of the therapy.</p>

Treatment of newborns with severe injured brain with transplantation of human neural precursor cells / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the therapeutic effect of human neural precursor cells transplantation in treatment of neonates with severe brain injury.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The transplantation was performed on 6 newborns, one of them was diagnosed as extremely severe carbon monoxide poisoning at 5(th) day after birth; one of them was diagnosed as severe hypoglycemia; the others had asphyxia at birth with Apgar scores from 1 to 3 and were diagnosed as severe neonatal asphyxia, severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy according to images, electroencephalogram, biochemical examination and clinical manifestation. With the approval of hospital ethics committee and informed consent of the family members, the newborns received human neural precursor cells transplantation at the 4(th) to 20(th) day after birth. With the agreement of a pregnant woman, forebrain cells were obtained from the forebrain of her 12-week old fetus after spontaneous abortion. The cells from the fetal brain were amplified into human neural precursor cells in vitro and were injected into the cerebral ventricle of the patients.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>On the 2(nd) day after transplantation, sucking and swallowing reflexes gradually appeared in all the patients, muscular tension was also improved, and convulsion stopped. NBNA scoring in 3 of the patients reached normal level on the 28(th) day after birth. The 6 patients were followed up for 12 months. Four patients were normal in psychomotor development and scores of each scale reached normal level. Two patients have cerebral palsy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hNPCs transplantation is safe and effective in treatment of severe neonatal brain injury. More clinical trials and further observation are needed.</p>

Feasibility analysis and surgical highlight of cochlear implantation in infants under 12 months of age / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore feasibility and surgical highlight of cochlear implantation in infants under 12 months of age.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review was performed in 14 infants under 12 months of age and 63 cases from 13 to 24 months of age with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, who underwent unilateral cochlear implantation surgery. The operative parameters, including operation duration, amount of intraoperative bleeding, length of hospital stay, surgical complications and auditory outcomes, including warble tone average aided in free field, category of auditory performance (CAP), language behavior development quotient, babbling onset or spurt were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference between infants younger than 12 months and older in operation duration, amount of intraoperative bleeding, except for the length of hospital stay. Otherwise, less complication occurred in younger group (7.1% and 11.1%, respectively, χ(2) = 0.19, P > 0.05). The surgical highlights and experience, strictly restricted operation duration, intimate cooperation among the treatment team members and reduction of intraoperative bleeding are key points to ensure safety and success of the operation. The warble tone average aided in free field and language behavior developmental quotient of younger infants were both improved during follow-up and showed no significant difference compared with older group (t = 4.6 and 3.8, P > 0.05). 80% of infants who finished 24 months follow-up had a CAP score of 6 or 7. The babbling onset in younger group occurred at (14.1 ± 0.9) months of life, which was better than that in older group [(22.6 ± 3.0) months of life].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is feasible to put cochlear implantation in infants under 12 months of age. And the earlier cochlear implantation could shorten auditory deprivation for children with bilateral congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss. Considering the high requirement of surgical highlights and experience, the suggest was that only experienced otologists challenge this domain cautiously.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of chordoma in the jugular foramen area:three cases report / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the early diagnosis and the treatment of chordoma in the jugular foramen area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three cases of chordoma in the jugular foramen area were diagnosis and reviewed retrospectively. The initial symptom was facial paralysis. Surgical removal was performed through the infratemporal fossa approach in 1 case, through petro-occipital approach in 2 cases. For repairing facial nerve defect, great auricular nerve was used in 1 case and facial-hypoglossal anastomosis was used in another 2 cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumor were totally removed in all 3 cases. The patients were follow-up for 6 months to 1 year and no recurrence was found. The function of facial nerve was II grade (House-Brackmann) in one patient and IV grade in another 2 patients. No complications occurred in 3 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although chordoma originating from the jugular foramen area were extremely rare, it was possible to make early diagnosis through finding clinical feature and imaging methods. The final diagnosis depended on pathology. Generally, the different surgical approaches were used according to the size and position of the tumor. The classic infratemporal fossa approach for tumor removal and facial nerve reconstruction should be considered in the patients with chordoma around jugular foramen.</p>

Digital subtraction angiography on glomus jugularis tumors / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analysis the effectiveness of preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) on glomus jugularis tumors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective study of 14 cases of glomus jugularis tumors which received preoperative DSA was carried out. Among them, 10 cases were accepted balloon occlusion test and selective embolization of supplied vessels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hypervascular changes was found in all 14 cases and compression of internal carotid artery was found in 5 cases. Ascending pharyngeal artery was the main supplied vessel. Balloon occlusion test was applied in 10 cases, 2 were intolerable and 8 were passed occlusion test. Ten cases were accepted embolizations and tumor blood supply was conspicuous decreased. Neurovascular complications did not occurred after DSA but postoperatively in 2 cases. Intraoperative bleeding was less in embolization patients than that of without embolization.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preoperative DSA association with balloon occlusion test and embolizations might be a safe option on surgery of glomus jugularis tumors.</p>

Expression of S518 phosphorylated Merlin and its interaction with CD44 in vestibular schwannoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of S518 phosphorylation in Merlin on the interaction with CD44 in vestibular schwannoma and the tumor growth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five samples of vestibular schwannoma were identified by pathology. Immunohistopathology and western blot were employed to analyze the expression and localization of S518 phosphorylated Merlin in the tumor tissues. Nerve tissues that were collected during other surgical operation were used as control. The expression level of S518 phosphorylated Merlin was compared with clinical stages, tumor size, clinical course and cystic degeneration. Immunoprecipitation was used to evaluate the impact of S518 phosphorylation in Merlin on the interaction with CD44.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vestibular schwannoma, Merlin was phosphorylated at S518 and demonstrated perinuclear localization. The S518 phosphorylation level was much lower in the normal control nerve tissues than that in vestibular schwannoma tissues. There was no correlation between the phosphorylation level on Merlin and clinical stages, tumor size, clinical course and cystic degeneration. The S518 phosphorylated Merlin bound CD44 was higher than wild-type Merlin bound CD44 in vestibular schwannoma tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The affinity of Merlin to CD44 was increased after phosphorylation at S518. Different cellular biological results might be triggered through binding to wild type Merlin and S518 phosphorylated Merlin.</p>

Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the differentiation of implanted human neural stem cells into neurons in vivo / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the differentiation of the implanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) into neurons in neonatal rats following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIBD model was prepared by ligation of the left common carotid artery, followed by 8% hypoxia exposure in 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Three days later, the rats received implantation of hNSCs into the left cerebral ventricles. Then the survived rats were randomly divided into two groups: transplantation alone and transplantation+HBO (n=8 each). HBO treatment was administered (1.8 ATA, 1 hr once daily for 10 days) in the transplantation+HBO group 1 hr after hNSCs transplantation. Brains were removed 10 days after transplantation. Frozen coronal sections were prepared for immunofluorescence analysis to detect the neural differentiation of the transplanted cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Differentiated neurons of implanted cells distributed mainly in the cortex and the hippocampus of the injured side. There was no difference in the number of neurons in the cortex between the two groups, while the number of neurons in the hippocampus significantly increased in the transplantation+HBO group compared with that in the transplantation alone group (231.4+15.1 vs 162.6+5.6; P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HBO treatment may promote the differentiation of implanted hNSCs into neurons in the hippocampus of neonatal rats following HIBD.</p>

Cranial schwannomas of jugular foramen / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment of lower cranial schwannomas of jugular foramen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective review of 11 cranial schwannomas of jugular foramen which received surgical removal from November 2001 to June 2005. According to classification, 5 cases were as intracranial type, 3 as jugular foramen type, 1 as neck extension type and the other 2 as combination type. Surgical procedures composed of 3 translabyrinthine, 2 retrosigmoid and 6 subtemporal fossa approach.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One-stage total tumor removal was accomplished in all the cases without any severe complications. Residue hearing was preserved in two cases received retrosigmoid approach. Anatomic completion of facial nerve was maintained in all the cases. Lower cranial neuropathy was found in 9 cases before surgery and occurred in all the cases after surgery. During in-hospital period complete compensation of swallowing ability was gained in 7 cases, near total, partial compensation and total decompensation was found in 1, 2 and 1 cases, respectively. Followed-up for 6 months, 10 cases caught normal swallowing function while the other one with partial compensation. Hoarseness was occurred in all the cases immediately after surgery and improved during follow-up. CSF leakage was occurred in 2 cases, no intracranial infection was found in all the cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Surgical treatment was the optimal management to cranial schwannoma of jugular foramen. Surgical approach selections depends on tumor classification on magnetic resonance imaging features. Nerve protection in surgery and postoperative rehabilitation were the key to better prognosis.</p>

Targeted therapy of mantle cell lymphoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)is one of the most frustrating diseases because it exhibits the worst features of both aggressive non-Hodgkin Lymphoma(NHL)and indolent NHL.It develops rapidly like the former,and it is incurable and lacks of better therapeutic options like the latter.Clinical researchs confirm the activity of rituximab as a single agent and combination regimens(R-Chemo)in the treatment of MCL. Bortezomab is also active in treating patients with MCL and requires further study in combination regiments. The usages of mTOR inhibitor and radioimmunotherapy represents a novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of MCL.It is also deserved to study.

Surgery of jugular foramen region tumors / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the various surgical approaches in removing the jugular foramen region tumors in order to obtain the maximal functional preservation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between March 1993 and May 2005, 32 patients with jugular foramen region tumors were operated. The mastoid and neck approach, the infratemporal fossa approach with and without rerouting the facial nerve, the combined transcochlear and infratemporal fossa approach were respectively used according to the tumor type, size, auditory, facial and lower cranial nerve functions. The cranial nerve monitoring was used and a postoperative CT or MRI scanning was taken in all cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this series of 32 patients, 13 were paragangliomas, 10 schwannomas,2 meningiomas, 2 giant cell tumors, 1 chondrosarcoma, 1 mucochondrosarcoma, 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma and 1 case cholesterol Granuloma. The follow-up period was 3-60 months. Total removals were achieved in 26 cases, near-total removal in 5 cases, and subtotal removal in one case. One patient died after surgery because of intracranial hemorrhage. Another patient died two year after operation because of recurrence. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage was occurred in 5 cases and meningitis in two cases. They were all treated conservatively. The facial function one week after operation was grade 1-2 in 13 cases, grade 3-4 in 12 cases and grade 5-6 in 7 cases. It changed into grade 1-2 in 23 cases, grade 3-4 in 7 cases and grade 5-6 in 2 cases. The postoperative hearing was improved in 4 cases, stable in 10 cases, deteriorated in 11 cases and totally lost in 7 cases. The lower cranial nerve function was normal in 9 cases, transient palsy in 11 cases, permanent paralysis with compensation in 10 cases and without compensation in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The jugular foramen region tumor could be removed with maximal function preservation by using various surgical approaches. The postoperative life quality was acceptable in most cases. Surgical techniques and postoperative complications management were fundamental in achieving a good result.</p>